Anaplasmosis, a bacterial disease transmitted by ticks, poses a significant risk to dogs, particularly in regions with high tick populations. While some infected dogs may remain asymptomatic, others can experience a range of symptoms, including fever, lameness, and lethargy. Understanding anaplasmosis, its transmission, and preventive measures is crucial for protecting your canine companion.
What is Anaplasmosis?
Anaplasmosis is caused by the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum and is primarily spread through the bite of black-legged ticks. After a tick bite, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for clinical signs to manifest. In the United States, anaplasmosis is more prevalent in the Northeast, upper Midwest, and West Coast.
Symptoms of Anaplasmosis in Dogs
The most common symptoms of anaplasmosis in dogs include3:
If your dog exhibits any of these symptoms, particularly after potential tick exposure, it's important to consult your veterinarian for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Veterinarians diagnose anaplasmosis through blood tests that detect antibodies or the bacteria itself. Treatment typically involves a course of the antibiotic doxycycline, usually for two to four weeks. Most dogs show improvement within a couple of days of starting treatment.
Can Anaplasma in Dogs Be Cured?
Yes, anaplasmosis can be effectively cured with antibiotics like doxycycline. However, it's crucial to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your veterinarian, even if your dog starts feeling better sooner1.
What Happens if My Dog’s Anaplasmosis Is Not Getting Better?
If your dog’s symptoms persist or worsen despite treatment, it’s important to contact your veterinarian immediately. This could indicate several possibilities4:
Incomplete Treatment: A shorter course of antibiotics may not completely eliminate the infection, leading to a relapse. Your vet may recommend extending the treatment duration.
Reinfection: If your dog is re-exposed to infected ticks, they can become reinfected with anaplasmosis. Strict tick prevention measures are crucial.
Underlying Conditions: In some cases, underlying health issues may complicate the recovery process. Your veterinarian may need to investigate further and adjust the treatment plan accordingly.
Prevention is Key
Since there is no vaccine for anaplasmosis, prevention is paramount. Here are some effective measures to protect your dog:
Year-round Tick Prevention: Use veterinarian-recommended tick preventatives consistently throughout the year, even during colder months.
Tick Checks: Regularly inspect your dog for ticks, especially after spending time outdoors in wooded or grassy areas.
Prompt Tick Removal: If you find a tick, remove it promptly and carefully using tweezers. The longer a tick is attached, the higher the risk of disease transmission.
Environmental Management: Keep your yard well-maintained by mowing the lawn, removing leaf piles, and reducing tick habitats.
Avoid High-Risk Areas: Minimize your dog's exposure to areas known for high tick populations, such as dense woods or tall grass.
Conclusion
Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease that can affect dogs, but with proper prevention and timely treatment, the prognosis is generally good. By diligently using tick preventatives, conducting regular tick checks, and seeking veterinary care if you suspect your dog has been exposed, you can help safeguard your furry companion from this potentially serious illness. Remember, prevention is the most effective way to protect your dog from anaplasmosis and other tick-borne diseases.
About the Author
Dr. Alina Barland reviewed this post. Eagle Glen Veterinary Clinic has been serving pets in LA since 1988! The vets and technicians have a passion for pet care and the skill to give excellent service! Visit https://www.instagram.com/eagleglen.vc/ or https://eagleglenvets.com/index.cfm for more.
Anaplasmosis. (n.d.). In Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/anaplasmosis
Anaplasmosis Bacterial Disease in Dogs. (2021). In Embrace Pet Insurance. https://www.embracepetinsurance.com/health/anaplasmosis
Anaplasmosis in Dogs. (n.d.). In VCA Animal Hospitals. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/anaplasmosis-in-dogs
Anaplasmosis in Dogs - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost. (n.d.). In wagwalking.com. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://wagwalking.com/condition/anaplasmosis
