Dogs and China share a history spanning thousands of years, with evidence of their presence in cultural stories and archaeological remains dating back as far as 7,000 years. Studies suggest that the high genetic diversity of dogs in Asia points to the region as a likely origin for their domestication. Historically, ancient Chinese people used dogs for hunting, herding, and farm labor. Today, the relationship with dogs is divided between owners who treat them as pets and those who consume them, though pet advocates have sometimes successfully intervened to save dogs from the meat trade. Let's look at the top five Chinese dog breeds.
1. Pugs
Average Weight: 14 to 18 pounds (male and female)
Average Height: 10 to 13 inches (male and female)
Life Expectancy: 13 to 15 years
Coat and Color- Short, smooth coats that typically come in fawn or black
One of the most popular dogs worldwide, Pugs are known to have originated in China around 400 BC. These sociable, gentle companions are a small-sized breed that were favored even by Buddhist monks. In the 21st century, they remain popular, boasting many celebrity owners. The breed is often described as 'much in little': though small, they possess a lot of energy and are very charming.
2. Chow Chow
Average Weight: 40 to 90 pounds (male and female)
Average Height: 17 to 22 inches (male and female)
Life Expectancy: 11 to 13 years
Coat and Colors – Rough or smooth coat usually available in black, blue, cinnamon, cream, or red
The Chow Chow, a dog breed originating in China, is a sturdy dog with a thick, dense double coat. These dogs, once used for hunting and herding and famously the pet of former U.S. President Calvin Coolidge, possess a dominant personality that can lead to an aggressive nature. Their muscular build resembles that of their ancestors, allowing them to pull loads over long distances, making them great companions for walking, trekking, hiking, and running.
3. Tibetan Terrier
Average Weight: 18 to 30 pounds (male and female)
Average Height: 14 to 16 inches (male and female)
Life Expectancy: 12 to 15 years
Coat and Colors – A shaggy double coat available in black, white, piebald, brindle, grey, and golden
Also called the Tsang Apso or the Dokhi Apso in regional languages, the Tibetan terrier is a Chinese breed that isn't actually a terrier. It was given its name by European travelers who thought the breed resembled the terriers back home. Tibetan Terriers were historically kept as good luck charms, mascots, watchdogs, herding dogs, and companions. Known as the 'Holy Dog of Tibet,' it was originally used to protect the ancient monasteries of Tibet. In modern times, it is now valued for companionship and even therapy.
4. Tibetan Spaniel
Average Weight: 9 to 15 pounds (male and female)
Average Height: 10 to 12 inches (male and female)
Life Expectancy: 12 to 15 years
Coat and Colors – A silky double coat in red, fawn, gold, white, cream, black and tan, and parti colors
Spaniels were originally bred to be compact, athletic, and enthusiastic hunting companions. The Tibetan spaniel was used for none of these purposes and was instead used for protecting Tibetan monasteries. It has its origins in the Himalayas, dating back around 2,500 years. They might be small, but they did their job aptly by sitting high up on walls and barking when strangers came near. Learn more about what to know before getting a Tibetan Spaniel.
5. Shih Tzu
Average Weight: 9 to 16 pounds (male and female)
Average Height: 8 to 11 inches (male and female)
Life Expectancy: 10 to 16 years
Coat and Colors – Long, double coat that comes in color variations such as black, white, blue, gold, or liver
The Shih Tzu is a small, playful breed that was treasured by the Chinese nobility for centuries and considered a noble breed there. Although its lineage can be traced to some ancient dog breeds, it actually finds its resemblance closer to wolves than to other dogs. Shih Tzu literally translates to 'little lion,' a name tied to a legendary story: Buddha supposedly owned a small Shih Tzu, and one day, when robbers threatened to rob and murder him, the small dog transformed into a humongous lion to scare them away and protect its owner!
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Key Takeaway
From the imperial lapdog Shih Tzu to the powerful, ancient Chow Chow, the breeds originating in China and Tibet represent a captivating range of history, temperament, and purpose. Whether you're drawn to the charming 'much in little' personality of the Pug, the protective spirit of the Tibetan Spaniel, or the versatility of the 'Holy Dog' Tibetan Terrier, these five breeds showcase the deep and diverse canine legacy rooted in Asia. While the relationship between people and dogs in the region has been complex, the existence and enduring popularity of these magnificent breeds prove the lasting human need for loyal, unique, and loving companions.
The resident animal enthusiast at Spot. I have a lifetime of pet parent experience. If it has fur, feathers, or scales, I’ve probably shared my home with it. I aim to be a reliable source, blending experience with a dedication to the well-being of pets.
